Skeletal Formula of Ethanoic Acid

Chemical Structure:

CH₃COOH (C-C(=O)-O-H)

Line structure showing carbon chain and functional group.

Molecular Formula:

Common Name:

IUPAC Name:

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1. What is Ethanoic Acid?

Ethanoic acid, commonly known as acetic acid, is a simple carboxylic acid with the chemical formula CH₃COOH. It is the main component of vinegar and has widespread industrial applications.

2. Chemical Structure Analysis

The skeletal formula shows:

CH₃-C(=O)-OH

Where:

CH₃ — Methyl group
C(=O) — Carbonyl group
OH — Hydroxyl group
C-C bond — Single bond between carbon atoms

Explanation: The skeletal structure represents the carbon backbone with functional groups, omitting hydrogen atoms attached to carbon for clarity.

3. Functional Groups

Details: Ethanoic acid contains a carboxyl functional group (-COOH), which consists of a carbonyl group (C=O) and a hydroxyl group (-OH).

4. Physical Properties

Characteristics: Colorless liquid with pungent odor, boiling point 118°C, melting point 16.6°C, miscible with water, ethanol, and ether.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the difference between ethanoic acid and acetic acid?
A: They are the same compound. Ethanoic acid is the IUPAC name, while acetic acid is the common name.

Q2: Why is the carboxyl group important?
A: The carboxyl group gives the molecule acidic properties and is responsible for its chemical reactivity.

Q3: What are the main uses of ethanoic acid?
A: Used in vinegar production, as a solvent, in the manufacture of vinyl acetate, and in food preservation.

Q4: How is ethanoic acid produced industrially?
A: Mainly through methanol carbonylation or by bacterial fermentation of ethanol.

Q5: Is ethanoic acid dangerous?
A: Concentrated acetic acid is corrosive and can cause burns, while diluted forms (vinegar) are safe for consumption.